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Anders Martin Dale is a prominent neuroscientist and Professor of Radiology, Neurosciences, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Science at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), and is one of the world’s leading developers of sophisticated computational neuroimaging techniques.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =UCSD News )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =LinkedIn )〕 He is the founding Co-Director of the Multi-Modal Imaging Laboratory (MMIL) at UCSD. Dale founded and initially developed the brain imaging analysis software FreeSurfer as a graduate student at UCSD.〔Dale AM and Sereno MI. "Improved localization of cortical activity by combining EEG and MEG with MRI cortical surface reconstruction: A linear approach,"''Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience'', 1993, 5:162-176.〕 He later co-developed FreeSurfer at Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School with Bruce Fischl.〔Dale AM et al., "Cortical Surface-Based Analysis I: Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction,"''Neuroimage'', 1999, 9(2):179-194.〕 In addition to FreeSurfer, his major scientific contributions include developing: a) event related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (with Randy Buckner at Harvard),〔Dale AM and Buckner RL. "Selective averaging of rapidly presented individual trials using fMRI,"''Human Brain Mapping'', 1997, 5(5):329-40.〕 b) an in vivo method to quantify the gray matter thickness of the cerebral cortex using MRI images (with Bruce Fischl at Harvard),〔Fischl B and Dale AM. "Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images," ''PNAS'', 2000, 97(20):11050-5.〕 c) an analysis platform to combine fMRI with magnetoencephalography (MEG),〔Dale AM et al., "Dynamic statistical parametric mapping: combining fMRI and MEG for high-resolution imaging of cortical activity,"''Neuron'', 2000 Apr;26(1):55-67.〕 d) computational morphometry to automatically label brain regions using MRI scans (with Bruce Fischl at Harvard and Rahul Desikan and Ron Killiany at Boston University),〔Fischl B et al., "Whole brain segmentation: automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain,"''Neuron'', 2002 Jan 31;33(3):341-55.〕〔Desikan RS et al., "An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest,"''Neuroimage'', 2006 31(3):968-80.〕 and e) MRI-based methodologies to quantify longitudinal change in brain regions (with Dominic Holland at UCSD).〔Holland D et al., "Subregional neuroanatomical change as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease,"''PNAS'', 2009 106(49):20954-9.〕 Working in collaboration with James Brewer and Linda McEvoy at UCSD, Dale has also demonstrated the efficacy of using automated MRI-based methodologies as a biomarker for early detection and tracking progression of Alzheimer's disease.〔McEvoy LK et al., "Alzheimer disease: quantitative structural neuroimaging for detection and prediction of clinical and structural changes in mild cognitive impairment,"''Radiology'', 2009 Apr;251(1):195-205.〕 ==Early life and education== Dale studied at the University of Texas from 1983 to 1985 and earned a B.A. in Computer Science, after which he served in the Air Force. He then ran a small control systems consulting company. From 1989 to 1990 he went to Harvard and MIT on a Fulbright Fellowship, and received an M.S. in Engineering Science. He then pursued graduate studies at UCSD from 1989 to 2004. It was during this period at UCSD that Dale began working on the development of accurate and automated algorithms for head segmentation, which is vital to the correct modeling of EEG/MEG and optical signals. He pioneered methods of combining EEG, MEG, and MRI tests to localize brain activity. He also did important work in surface-based MRI data analysis and in the mapping of the visual cortex. He received a Ph.D. in Cognitive Science in 2004, becoming one of the first graduates of UCSD's Cognitive Science Department.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =Cognitive Sciece Online )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =UC San Diego: Department of Neuroscience )〕 In a 2003 interview, Dale explained that he had “always been interested in using quantitative modeling methods and simulations to answer biological questions,” and that as a Harvard student he had been “interested in approaching connectionist neural networks from a more biological angle.” When he went to UCSD to continue his graduate work his interest “shifted to learning how to test models of how the brain works. Ideally you'd like to test your models not in anesthetized animals and brain slices, but by measuring brain activity in humans non-invasively. I wanted to study normal people doing normal tasks. That was what brought me to imaging. My goal was to see what kind of things we can measure non-invasively that can be quantitatively related to the models we want to build....I wanted to know what exactly we are measuring, how can you model it, and how can you relate the signal to what is going on in the brain physiologically...at a level that say you could measure invasively and that you could relate to parameters of quantitative models.” His thesis work at UCSD, he said, “was on the EEG and MEG forward and inverse problems, and how to use anatomical information to constrain the solutions. It is clear that if you only use EEG or MEG measures, the spatial precision is not good enough to make inferences at a scale that's most useful to neuroscience. That led us into trying to use information with higher spatial resolution to constrain or bias our estimations of the signal sources in the brain.”〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anders Dale」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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